Sources & Definitions
Definitions
Attorney General
As the chief legal officer of the states, commonwealths and territories of the United States, the attorney general serve as counselors to their legislatures and state agencies and also as the "People's Lawyer" for all citizens
Direct Barrier
A policy or system in place that immediately impacts the ability to do something
Disenfranchisement
Preventing a person or group of people from having the right to vote
District Attorney
Represents the state government in the prosecution of criminal offenses, and is the chief law enforcement officer and legal officer of their jurisdiction
Felon Disenfranchisement
The loss of the right to vote due to a felony conviction
Gerrymandering
Manipulation of the boundaries of an electoral district so as to favor or harm one party or class
Indigenous Peoples
People native to a land, in the U.S. the indigenous peoples are often referred to as American Indians or Native Americans
Indirect Barrier
Significantly impacts one’s ability to do something, but could be less obvious than a direct barrier and more expansive
Inequities
Instances of injustice or unfairness
Marginalized
Social marginalization happens when a group of people are denied equal and adequate opportunity to determine their treatment by the members of the broader society. It usually includes the lack of representation, recognition of rights and equal redistribution of resources and services
Microaggressions
Everyday verbal, nonverbal, and environmental slights, snubs, or insults, whether intentional or unintentional, which communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative messages to target persons based solely upon their marginalized group membership
NAACP
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is an African-American civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909 by Moorfield Storey, Mary White Ovington and W. E. B. Du Bois
Neighborhoods Organizing for Change (NOC)
A grassroots, Black-led organization working toward racial and economic justice for communities of color in the Twin Cities
Protestant
A member or follower of any of the Western Christian churches that are separate from the Roman Catholic Church and follow the principles of the Reformation, including the Baptist, Presbyterian, and Lutheran churches
Racial Equity
The condition that would be achieved if one's racial identity no longer predicted, in a statistical sense, how one fares
White Supremacist
The belief that white people are superior to those of all other races and ethnicities
Sources
Websites and Online Resources
- Bernardo, Richie. 2016’s States That Have Achieved the Most Racial Progress. WalletHub.
- Kahn, Andrew and Kirk, Chris. There’s blatant inequality at nearly every phase of the criminal justice system. Business Insider.
- Black Lives Matter: Eliminating Racial Inequity in the Criminal Justice System. The Sentencing Project.
- African American Youth: Political Engagement Trends. CIRCLE (The Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement).
- Electoral Engagement among Young African Americans. CIRCLE (The Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement).
- Protecting Minority Voters: Our Work is Not Done. National Commission on Voting Rights.
- What is the School-to-Prison Pipeline? American Civil Liberties Union.
- Opportunity Gap - Talking Points. Schott Foundation for Public Education.
- Black Lives Matter. Black Lives Matter.
- Notaro, Julian. Race-Based Gerrymandering Comes to the Court. The American Prospect.
- Black Girls Matter: Pushed Out, Overpoliced, and Underprotected. African American Policy Forum.
- Data Snapshot: Teacher Equity. U.S. Department of Education Office for Civil Rights.
- Date Snapshot: College and Career Readiness. U.S. Department of Education Office for Civil Rights.
- Date Snapshot: Early Childhood Education. U.S. Department of Education Office for Civil Rights.
- Data Snapshot: School Discipline. U.S. Department of Education Office for Civil Rights.
- Black Lives Matter. Schott Foundation for Public Education.
- Rivas, Jorge. #BlackLivesMatter organizers to rally for black transgender women. Fusion.
- #SayHerName. African American Policy Forum.
- Garza, Alicia. A Herstory of the #BlackLivesMatter by Alicia Garza. The Feminist Wire.
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